Clinical study report for plavix Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Clinical report for plavix - Case Study Example in any event a scene of atherothrombotic occasion like coronary illness, stroke just as those determined to have fringe blood vessel maladies described by issues with blood streaming into supply routes particularly in the leg area. This medication is additionally endorsed for patients determined to have intense coronary condition (ACS) and those with blood vessel fibrillation (AF); described by quick and unpredictable pulses (Dickie, Jennifer, and Lesley 34). Platelets are liable for the coagulating of blood at whatever point it is vital for instance, when one has a cut and in doing so forestalls father draining and discharge. If veins are limited by plagues, the body responds by amassing together and they may happiness and further increment narrowing of these vessels, which is, prone to expand the opportunity of respiratory failure, stroke and other circulatory issue. This medication demonstrations by lessening the odds of these events by forestalling the coagulation in any case. Plavix acts by irreversibly authoritative to the P2Y12 receptors on platelets and forestalling Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from enacting platelets, which structure clusters. Medication has a place with the gathering of medications called P2Y12 inhibitors and is like the medication Ticlopidine (Ticlid) in its concoction structure and instrument of activity. The main contrast is that Clopidogrel bisulfates don't cause genuine decrease in the white platelet include as found in patients on Ticlopidine subsequently there is no requirement for customary tests to decide white platelet checks. Plavix is utilized to forestall the danger of coronary illness and stroke in patients who have had an ongoing scene of cardiovascular failure, stroke and limited conduits just as those experiencing fringe vascular sickness described by torment in the leg, which could be debilitating. The US Food and Drug Association (FDA) affirmed this medication in 1997. This medication is utilized in avoidance of atherothrombotic occasions like myocardial localized necrosis (MI), Stroke and vascular passing in patients with

Effects of Smoking on the Human Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impacts of Smoking on the Human Body - Essay Example Once breathed in, carbon monoxide arrives at the circulation system through the lungs and alveoli, it ties to the hemoglobin bit of the red platelets, framing a steady compound called carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). The steadiness of the compound is because of the way that hemoglobin has a 200â€250 occasions higher liking for carbon monoxide than it has for oxygen. Consequently, the oxygen-conveying limit of the hemoglobin is diminished, restricting oxygen gracefully to cells and tissues. The infections brought about by constrained oxygen in the blood incorporate cardiovascular illness, stroke, and circulatory issues. Tar then again, collects in the lung, causing the irritation of the mucous film of the bronchi, the trachea, and the bronchioles, harms the lungs, decreases the size of the aviation route. Smoke in this manner meddles with the working of the respiratory framework and causes interminable bronchitis and diligent hack. Tar additionally harms the cilia on the upper segments o f the respiratory framework and expands mucus creation. At long last, the synthetic compounds in smoke harm the lungs, decrease lung surface region and influence the alveoli’s’ usefulness. Lung malignant growth, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), mouth and throat malignant growth, and expanded asthma indications are the other respiratory impacts of smoking (National Cancer Institute, 2008). ... One of the components by which smoking prompts raised CO2 levels in the blood is that the hurtful synthetic compounds in the smoke harms the alveoli of the lungs. This harm infers that the CO2 shaped in different pieces of the body and moved to the lungs for disposal isn't effectively wiped out at the alveoli surfaces, prompting expanded degrees of CO2 in the blood. How Smoking Affects other Organ Systems Besides the respiratory framework, smoking influences other organ frameworks, for example, the circulatory framework. In this framework, smoking causes the blood thickening, blockages and narrowing of veins, expanded dangers of strokes and cardiovascular failures, expanded circulatory strain, palpitations. These conditions cause different diseases that may require techniques, for example, removal. The sensory system and the mind are additionally influenced by tobacco smoking, which diminishes oxygen gracefully to the cerebrum as hemoglobin consolidates with carbon monoxide. The typi cal working of the CNS is influenced as sensitive nerve endings are harms and blood gracefully meddled with (The New York Times, 2002). Moreover, smoking causes consideration shortfall and memory issues. The insusceptible framework is likewise influenced by the tobacco poisons that enter the body through smoking with the goal that the working of the white platelets is impeded. In this manner, the body gets powerless against diseases. The regenerative framework is likewise not saved by smoking, which may cause erectile brokenness, impotency, sterility, menopause, and low weight births. Associating Cellular Respiration with the Respiratory System The relationship between's cell breath and the respiratory framework is somewhat clear. For example, short cell breath in the lungs,

Vicksburg

Vicksburg Vicksburg, city (1990 pop. 20,908), seat of Warren co., W Miss., on bluffs above the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Yazoo; inc. 1825. An important port, it is the commercial, processing, and shipping center for a cotton, timber, and livestock area. There is petroleum refining and food processing; Vicksburg's many manufactures include asphalt; wood, metal, plastic, paper, and rubber products; apparel; mobile homes; heating equipment; tubing and pipes; and fertilizers. There was a French fort nearby in the early 18th cent., and the Spanish established Fort Nogales in 1791. The area came into U.S. possession in 1798. Vicksburg became a busy river port, and in the Civil War it was a major objective in Grant's Vicksburg campaign . The city fell July 4, 1863, after 14 months of naval shelling, 7 months of land assault, and 47 days of total siege. River traffic, which fell off greatly in the late 19th and early 20th cent., has been aided by the U.S. Mississippi River Commission, w hose headquarters are at Vicksburg. Nearby is the U.S. Waterways Experiment Station. Sections of the city were flooded in Apr., 1973. Antebellum homes are in the city and the surrounding area. In Vicksburg National Military Park (see National Parks and Monuments , table) are preserved trenches and fortifications of the Civil War siege. North of the city is a national cemetery containing Civil War dead, including c.13,000 unknown Union soldiers brought from temporary burial places all over the South. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Latino-American Discrimination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1356 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Every society forms different cultures and social norms of how people behave and constructs stereotypes and expectations of people based on their physical appearance and cultural backgrounds. Once set, social norms are unlikely to be changed over time. This social construction decides which group will have benefits or privileges and which ones wont. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Latino-American Discrimination" essay for you Create order Most of the time, white people are seen as the race that receives these benefits and privileges, these social norms are based around them and their culture. In our society, we deal with many forms of oppression on a day to day basis. Unfortunately, different groups of people are more oppressed than others. Throughout the years Latinos have undergone tremendous amounts of oppression. They are seen as an inferior race and portrayed as different when it comes to the whites. Since the 1840s, anti-Latino prejudice has led to illegal deportations, school segregation and even lynching often-forgotten events that echo the civil-rights violations of African-Americans in the Jim Crow-era South. Looking through history, it is accurate enough to say that the oppression that latinos have undergone is the result of hatred. The basis of Latino-American discrimination began around 1848, when the United States won the Mexican-American War against Mexico. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which marked the wars end, added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. With that land came new citizens. The Mexicans who decided to stay in what was now U.S. territory were granted citizenship. The country gained a considerable amount of Mexican-American people. As the 19th century advanced, political events in Mexico made emigration to the United States a popular choice. This was great news to American employers like the Southern Pacific Railroad, which desperately needed cheap labor to help build new tracks. The railroad and other companies flouted existing immigration laws that banned importing contracted labor and sent recruiters into Mexico to convince Mexican citizens to emigrate to America. Working for these companies and employers were deemed as jobs that not many Americans wanted to do. This means that many Mexicans took these jobs since they were the only jobs with an influx of positions. These employers discovered that these migrants were in desperate need of money after coming to America and found out that they could be hired for cheap labor. These new U.S citizens from Mexico were beginning to gain a lot of hatred since it seemed like they were stealing all the jobs from white Americans. With this, Anti-Latino sentiment grew alo ng with immigration. Latinos were not allowed in Anglo establishments and segregated into urban barrios in very poor areas where drug and crime rates were high. Though Latinos were critical to the U.S. economy and often were American citizens, everything from their language to the color of their skin to their countries of origin could be used as a pretext for discrimination and prejudice. They were treated as an inferior race and stereotypes were created stating that those who spoke Spanish were lazy, stupid and undeserving. In some cases, this prejudice judgement turned fatal. The violence of Latinos, although it has been around for awhile, one could pinpoint its starting point around the time of Californias Gold Rush. On January 24th, 1848, on the day when gold was discovered in California, the majority of the population was still Mexican. But, within just a few years by 1850, the Mexican population fell to 15%. It fell to 4% by 1870. The stereotype of many Mexican women at this time was horrible to say the least. It was said that Mexican women were basically viewed as sexually promiscuous. One case for example, in 1851 a mob of vigilantes accused Josefa Segovia of murdering a white man who had attacked her and tried to rape her due to these false assumptions of Latino women. After a fake trial, the friends of the white miner who was murdered, marched her through the streets of Downieville and lynched her. Over 2,000 men gathered to watch, shouting racial slurs. Other Mexicans were attacked on suspicion of sleeping with white women or insulting white peop le. Mob violence against Spanish-speaking people was very common throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is estimated that the number of Latinos killed by mobs reached into the thousands, though there is only documentation for 547 cases. They didnt care who the target was, as long as the werent white they were the subject of a hate crime. Even children became victims of the violence. In 1911, a mob of over 100 people hanged a 14-year-old boy, Antonio Gomez, after he was arrested for the murder of Charles Zieschang who was harassing the 14 year old child. Rather than let the boy serve time in jail, the townspeople, who were a majority white, decided to take things into their own hands and lynched him, dragging his body through the streets of Thorndale, Texas. These and other horrific acts of cruelty lasted until the 1920s, when the Mexican government began pressuring the United States and their citizens to end the violence. Though mob brutality eventually came to a stop, the hatred of Spanish-speaking Americans however, did not. In the late 1920s, anti-Mexican sentiment grew as the Great Depression began. As the stock market crashed and the unemployment rate grew, white Americans accused Mexicans and other foreigners of stealing jobs from the Americans and attempted to put the blame on them. Mexican-Americans were discouraged and forbidden from accepting aid. As fears about the economy and the jobs spread, the United States forcibly removed at least 2 million people of Mexican descent from the country up to 60 percent of whom were American citizens. Latinos. Referred to as repatriations, the removals were anything but voluntary. Sometimes, private employers, personally drove their employees to the border and kicked them out to fend for themselves. In other cases, local governments cut off relief, raided gathering places or offered free train fare to Mexico. Colorado even ordered all of its Mexicans, which in reality was anyone who spoke Spanish or looked to be of Latin descent, to leave the state in 1936 and blocked off its southern border to keep people from leaving. The so-called repatriation effort was, in large part, a misnomer, given the fact that as many as sixty percent of those sent to home Mexico were U.S. citizens: American-born children of Mexican-descent who had never before traveled south of the border. These people were forced to leave their homes, their families, everything behind just because they were viewed as the problem in a failing society. Though no formal decree was ever declared to issue immigration authorities, INS officials deported about 82,000 people during this period. Another ill remembered facet of anti-Latino discrimination in the United States segregation in school. Unlike the South, which had explicit laws against African-American children from white schools, segregation was not enshrined in the laws of the southwestern United States. However, Latino people were excluded from restaurants, movie theaters and schools like the African-Americans were. Latino students were expected to attend separate Mexican schools throughout the southwest in the 1870s. Mexican-American students had languished in inferior Mexican schools to which they were assigned based on name and skin complexion. Today, there is an estimated 54 million Latinos that live in the U.S. and there are around 43 million people who speak Spanish. Though Latinos make up the countrys largest minority, anti-Latino prejudice is still common in the United States. Over half the population of Latinos surveyed said that they had experienced some sort of discrimination in their lifetime. Althou gh lynchings, repatriation programs, and school segregation may seem like things of the past, anti-Latino discrimination in the U.S. is still far from over. Correa, Tom. The American Cowboy Chronicles. Livestock Grazing Benefits Public Lands, 1 Jan. 1970, www.americancowboychronicles.com/2018/03/josefa-segovia-woman-lynched-in.html. ANTONIO GOMEZ LYNCHING. The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jca02. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jca02 Wagner, Alex. Americas Forgotten History of Illegal Deportations. The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 6 Mar. 2017, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/americas-brutal-forgotten-history-of-illegal-deportations/517971/.

How Does Modern Life Evolve Over Millions Of Years Or Was...

Did modern life evolve over millions of years or was it created by God? The controversy started when Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species. His theory of evolution stated that all life evolved from a single-celled organism. However, creationists rejected this theory. They referenced the Bible’s Book of Genesis for the historical account of how life was created. But without a doubt, there is undeniable evidence to support the fact that life on earth came from a common ancestor. With the recent advances in both science and technology, scientists can use fossil records, genetic changes and anatomical similarities to prove that life as we know it evolved from one common ancestor. The remains and imprints of organisms found in earlier geological periods are still preserved in sedimentary rocks. These fossil records allow scientists to look through vast periods of time and attest to the fact that some species have transitional traits found in larger groups of organisms. This proves that species evolved from a distant ancestor and were not fixed there by God. Animals such as apes and the Archaeopteryx are evidence of the missing links and the gaps humanity has filled in the fossil records. They are also examples of transitional species that have tied different groups of species together through common traits and skeletal features. Fossil records also prove that single-celled organisms were succeeded by multi-celled organisms which ties back to Charles DarwinShow MoreRelatedAnthropology Essay Assignment1154 Words   |  5 Pagesanthropology. Evolution refers to change over time. In terms of physical anthropology, evolution is changes over time in living organisms. This means that living things have passed their traits from one generation to the next. There are very little changes that occur with each generation, but over time these changes accumulate in each living organism. It is believed that all life on Earth has common ancestry that lived more than 3.5 billions of years ago (Park, 2008). 2) Define evolutionRead MoreWhat is Evolution? You might think of evolution as a mutational problem, which fits with the1400 Words   |  6 Pagesappears to happen in a certain population over time. When I say the word â€Å"population† I am saying it is a group of the same species that happens to share the same specific location and habitat. Evolutionary changes often occur all the time near the genetic level. What I am actually saying is that evolution is a process that will result in many changes in which are passed on or inherited from generation to generation. It does not, for example, describe how some people can just so happen to change theirRead MoreThe Design Argument : The Theory Argument1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past hundred years, a great debate has shaken the foundation religious and scientific beliefs of society. Philosophers have been arguing about such a debate for hundreds of years, but there does not seem to be any consensus on whether on the existence of god and the universe. The ancient world never battled over such questions, rather they had accepted the fact that the natural world was created by some being. However, as society made major advancements, the question about god s existence andRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 PagesIf the question was posed as to what is the debate between creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the belief that statements such as â€Å"In the beginningRead MoreEvolution Is A Fact Or An Opinion?1794 Words   |  8 PagesThe issue centered on the argument of whether evolut ion is a fact or an opinion has been discussed ever since the idea of evolution was introduced. The purpose of this paper is to argue that evolution is a fact, and therefore a theory. Those who disagree with this statement generally looks at the argument with a religious background rather than a scientific one. There is an abundance of evidence that supports the argumentative side that supports evolution and very little evidence that supports theRead MoreEvolution Is More Correct Than Creationism1196 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, Creationism doesn’t have all of the answers. Over 60 percent of people believe in evolution. Why shouldn’t you? Evolution is defined as â€Å"the slow process by which changes in plants and animals happen over time† (Webster’s Dictionary). Evolution is how humans and other species got to the state that they are currently in. Creationism is â€Å"a doctrine or theory holding that matter, the various forms of life, and the world were created by God out of nothing and usually in the way described inRead MoreCreation or Evolution of the Earth1652 Words   |  7 Pages Was it creation or evolution? That is the question that is more popular today than ever. There are many different theories to the creation of the earth and the development of man. The big question is which one was actually true. Scientists will tell you evolution is how man was created. Creationists or Christians will tell you that creation was how man was created. Which group of people is right? There is a bill in Texas State Congress over a new proposed set of guidelines for teaching biologyRead MoreArgument Between Science and Religion Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of the evidence points to the other? The argument between science and religion began with Charles Darwin publishing Origin of the Species, and since then, is still a conflict, because every individual questions: Where do people come from? Where does the earth come from? The universe? Not only Charles Darwin, but many scientist who followed Charles Darwin as a paragon of evolution, found evidence and answers to argue that evolution is the more reasonable theory in the question of: Where did everythingRead MoreDarwinists and Dissenters1535 Words   |  7 PagesDid God create the universe or did the universe create itself? Ever since Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was first published in 1859, the debate between those that believe life was brought into existence by supernatural means a nd those who believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution has been fierce. Each side presents compelling arguments that may sway any uneducated reader to agree with their position based solely on the confidence they portray in their writings. However, because of the vastnessRead MoreHorror Films: Things That Go Bump in the Night Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagessolid reasoning. As time moves forward so does technology. Although the most popular outlet for the horror genre nowadays is a good horror film this was not always the case because â€Å"Before there were horror movies, there were written or spoken horror narratives, fables handed down from one generation to the next, and, as we shall see, the theatrical presentations designed to thrill and horrify audiences† (Dixon 1). Over time, individual cultures created the same monsters but customized them to their

Marketing Ppt Free Essays

string(93) " unwilling to share their data related to their sales with anyone, even with their supplier\." PROJECT REPORT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT GUIDED BY:PRESENTED BY: Prof. T. T. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Ppt or any similar topic only for you Order Now NIRANJANNITIN BANSAL 129278039 RANJAN SAHU 129278041 ROHIT MANGAL 129278053 SAURABH SINHA 129278057 Project Report On| | | | Taxonomy of Implementation Problems in VMI| | Contents Executive summary3 Introduction4 Under the typical business model:4 Vendor Managed Inventory model:4 Consignment Inventory:4 Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges5 Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory7 Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory9 Conclusion11 References12 Executive summary The goal of Vendor Managed Inventory is to provide a mutually beneficial relationship where both sides Customer and Vendor will be able to control the availability and flow of goods more smoothly and accurately. In  VMI  a manufacturer or distributor assumes the role of inventory planning for the customer. Extensive information sharing is required so that the manufacturer/distributor can maintain a high degree of visibility of its goods at the customer’s location. Instead of the customer reordering when its supply has been exhausted, the supplier is responsible for replenishing and stocking the customer at appropriate levels. Wal-Mart has mastered  VMI  and is the company against which many other organizations benchmark themselves. This report covers various issues that are to be considered to implement the Vendor Managed Inventory. It is realized in the report that several risks are to be considered while executing VMI. The proper analysis is done in seeking the scenarios where one issue becomes a key factor in deciding to implement VMI or not. Both Marketers and Distributors have their own issues to challenge the implementation of VMI. Focus of the report is to determine taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI. Introduction A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributor’s inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. We can see the differences in maintain inventory as: Under the typical business model: When a distributor needs product, they place an order against a manufacturer. The distributor is in total control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the inventory plan. Vendor Managed Inventory model: The manufacturer receives electronic data (usually via EDI or the internet) that tells him the distributor’s sales and stock levels. The manufacturer can view every item that the distributor carriers as well as true point of sale data. The manufacturer is responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order*, not the distributor. *Note: VMI does not change the â€Å"ownership† of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI. Consignment Inventory: When the supplier places inventory at a customer’s location and retains ownership of the inventory. Payment is not made until the item is actually sold. A VMI relationship may or may not involve consignment inventory. Vendor Managed Inventory and Stakeholder’s Challenges Vendor Managed Inventory primarily have various stakeholder’s involved which includes Vendor/Manufacturer or distributor and retailer. Let us examine challenges faced by each: Challenges in VMI Implementation from vendor’s side High administrative costs: – Suppliers would have to face higher administrative costs. They will have to allocate additional staff resources to properly manage the replenishment activities that were previously managed by the retailer. So to overcome these additional costs, vendors must have to save enough money from the inventory costs and sufficient sales volumes and gross margins Loss of market share due to less shelf coverage: – VMI would help in reducing the inventory which could lead to the less coverage of the shelf space on the retailer’s shop which might lead to the reduction in the market share for that product. To resolve this issue, vendor can provide more stock keeping units of the same product to fill the shelf space and to maintain the market share. Challenges in VMI Implementation from retailer’s side Loss of Control: – If VMI is implemented, then there is always a fear in the mind of the retailer that he would loose his control over the operations management. All the decisions like when to order, how much to keep as inventory and when to sell the product would be managed by the vendor now which can also have some impact on the profit margin of the retailer. Eg. In many cases, Vendor gives discounts to the retailer if they buy in bulk and hence above mentioned questions become crucial for the retailer from financial point of view. In case of products with high shelf life, he might want to order in bulk once, instead of ordering in small lots. Danger of being replaced: – Retailer would be afraid that after implementing of VMI, when almost all the operations management related decisions are taken by the vendor, then the vendor might also think of forward integrating. Hence he would not be fully cooperative in sharing of the data and he would always try to make his presence felt in decision making to show the importance of his role. Fear of losing other vendors: – The retailer would be afraid of losing other vendors, since in the FMCG business; retailers get products from a lot of vendors to maintain variety for the customers. It would be difficult to choose the vendor who will manage the inventory, because the same vendor would be biased towards his products. This would lead to the development of bad relationship between the retailer and the other vendors. After implementation of VMI, forecasting of demand is done by the manufacturer, not by the retailers or distributors and it might hit back, if manufacturer is not competent in judging the patterns of the consumer demand. Challenges faced in implementation of Vendor Managed Inventory Personal Factors Trust: – One of the most important factors which can contribute to the success of the VMI is trust and good relationship between the vendor and the downstream retailer. But in the FMCG sector, where there are a lot of products in the same segment, most of the retailers are unwilling to share their data related to their sales with anyone, even with their supplier. You read "Marketing Ppt" in category "Papers" This leads to the ineffective communication between them and both have to incur huge inventory and management costs. Work ethics and cultural differences: – Each company has its set of work ethics and work culture and if the difference is huge for a vendor and the retailer, then their decisions would not be aligned. Technical Issues Technology is one of the most critical factors in facilitating the implementation of VMI which can also stand as a challenge in the implementation of VMI. A lot of technical systems would have to be installed for the effective working of the VMI. Some of the technical solutions that can facilitate an effective VMI arrangement include: †¢ Electronic data exchange (EDI). EDI transactions can enable suppliers to efficiently manage customer inventory levels remotely. †¢ Replenishment software. These applications allow customers to accurately assess projected service levels (i. . the percentage of requests that can be filled from stock) based on various inventory investments. †¢ Bar coding or radio frequency identification (RFID). These technologies â€Å"tag† products for tracking purposes and can dramatically improve the speed and integrity of the collection and reporting of consumption data. †¢ Forecasting software. These applications gather and analyze infor mation from sales, accounting, order entry, and other business systems, using sophisticated algorithms and predictive modeling techniques to generate fast, accurate demand forecasts. Investment- A lot of investment would be required to install and maintain any of these systems. Properly equipped manpower would be required to operate these tools. Investment would also be required to integrate these tools with each other for efficient functioning of the VMI operations. All this cost would have to be incurred by the vendor and to compensate this cost, he must get returns from the efficient inventory management and higher sales volume due to less stock-outs. Testing- It requires a lot of time and money in testing the various VMI systems after installing them. An extensive testing has to be done for the EDI system before giving it a final green flag for the VMI system. Analysis of Cases of implementing Vendor Managed Inventory Let’s discuss some cases where VMI is implemented: Barilla Spa Case Barilla is largest manufacturer of â€Å"fresh† and â€Å"dry† pasta products with more than 1000 SKUs. It has sales of around $2B and very stable demand at retail level. Challenges it was facing are as under: Retailers didn’t have large inventories to accommodate new products introduced from time to time. Stock outs are quiet frequent at DO’s. Thin margins for both manufacturers and retailers are adding to the problem. Solution offered through VMI: Downstream distribution Center (DC) reports inventory and sales data electronically to Barilla on a daily basis. Barilla is managing the inventory of DC and decides how much to ship to them. According to  Industry Week’s Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile, 56% of the top 25 plants between 2002 and 2006 have used â€Å"resident suppliers† to manage or replenish inventory. However, the average percentage of purchased materials and components (dollar volume) managed by on-site suppliers is only 13. 7%. So, it seems, there is a time and place for vendor-managed inventory. For example, if you’ve got an expensive manufacturing line and you ask one of your key suppliers to put in the systems and develop the expertise to supply the goods you need on a just-in-time basis, they will do that if they receive a significant portion of their revenues from you, says Steve Banker, service director of supply chain management at ARC Advisory Group, Dedham, Mass. However, you may have a lot of suppliers where you are only 1% of their total revenue — you are not their biggest priority,† Banker says. â€Å"The chances that they will take on added responsibility and costs to manage your inventory is low. † So we can see that size of the business does matter in determining the feasibility of implementing VMI. In addition, there is a certain amount of IT integration that has to go on in order to make the VMI relationship work. For suppliers, they need to be able to get your forecasts on a regular basis, make intelligence out of them and have visibility into your inventory levels on an ongoing basis,† says Banker. â€Å"Turning that into useable intelligence is kind of difficult. Small and midsized companies often don’t have the dedicated IT resources to make that happen, so they struggle. † â€Å"Resident Suppliers† Manage/Replenish Inventory (% Of Plants) Year| No| Yes| 2002| 44| 56| 2003| 52| 48| 2004| 48| 52| 2005| 32| 68| 2006| 44| 56| 2002-2006| 44| 56| Source: Industry Week’s Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile Percentage Of Purchased Materials And Components (Dollar Volume) Managed By On-Site Suppliers Year| Median| Mean| Minimum| Maximum| 2002| 5. 0| 24. 4| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2003| 0. 0| 12. 2| 0. 0| 100. 0| 2004| 4. 0| 15. 2| 0. 0| 70. 0| 2005| 6. 0| 13. 8| 0. 0| 67. 0| 2006| 4. 2| 15. 1| 0. 0| 95. 0| 2002-2006| 3. 0| 13. 7| 0. 0| 100. 0| Source: Industry Week’s Best Plants 2006 Statistical Profile Similarly, we have case of PG which successfully employed Vendor managed Inventory while ODLO isn’t so successful in implementing the same. Also companies like RUAG aren’t having any financial or strategic benefit out of implementing VMI and hence didn’t go for it. If we analyze the sector in which they operates we come to know, RUAG which is in Airlines sector involves comparatively simpler inventory to maintain while the risk involved in giving away the details was higher. On the other hand, with the scale of business PG is in, it is beneficial for both manufacturer (vendor) as well as distributor (or Retailer) to implement VMI. It can be seen both scale and sector favors PG. GRENDENE, one of the world’s largest footwear manufacturers, implemented Agentrics’ Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and aligned its product replenishment process with the real demand of regional distributors/customers, thus increasing service level, optimizing stocks and boosting sales. ACHIEVED RESULTS: Increase of accuracy in sales forecasts; Increase of sales by 47% for participating retailers; Improved management of a product mix, by reducing or discontinuing low-performance and low-turnover products;   Streamlined replenishment of high-performance products; Excellent overall result with customers using the solution. VONPAR With Agentrics’ VMI solution, acquired a full, web-based supply chain KPI tool. Vonpar Refrescos, Brazil’s fourth largest Coca-Cola bottling company with products reaching 14 million consumers, implemented Agentrics’ Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution and with it acquired a complete web-based KPI tool. KPI’s track internal and client stock levels, demand planning, order administration, as well as automation of Vonpar’s product replenishment process, improving service and optimizing stock levels, while improving customer relationships. ACHIEVED RESULTS : Average sales increase of 26 percent in the first 12 months after the solution’s implementation; Significant increase in sales of juices, tea and beer, which reflects improved stock planning for greater availability of products at store level; Maximized speed in the exchange of sales information at store level; Stock optimization allowing Vonpar to have the right product at the right time in the right place; Commercial team freed up to focus on avoiding out-of-stocks. SYNGENTA Implemented Agentrics’ VMI solution to manage stock jointly with its suppliers. Syngenta, a world-leading agri-business committed to sustainable agriculture through innovative research and technology, implemented Agentrics’ Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) solution to manage stock in conjunction with its suppliers ACHIEVED RESULTS: Reduction of communication errors through process automation and visibility to inventories. â€Å"Today, our customers say that for the first time in the agricultural market, a company is able to co-manage inventory demand like large retail chains,† says Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. NeoGrid has a solution that perfectly suits our business model; Syngenta did not have to adapt to the tool, as the solution metall our needs. † Marcos Mazza, Supply Chain Manager. Conclusion The main purpose of this report is to highlight the taxonomy of implementation problems in VMI. From the cases visited, we can deduce that various factors play key roles in determining whether to go for Vendor Managed Inventory as there are lot of issues and cost involved in implementing the same. Size of the business, Sector of the business in operation, inter-relationship among stakeholders all plays equally important role in the actual decision making. Though there is no clear cut understanding on whether to implement VMI or not but one can easily concur with increasing role of technology and with dynamic demand it is only going to rise. References Williams, M. (1998). Making Consignment and Vendor-Managed Inventory Work For You. APICSInternational Conference. Schreibfeder, J. (1997). Vendor Managed Inventory: there’s more to it than just sell products. Effective Inventory. com Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment Committee. (1998)  Jointly Managed Inventory Approach Provides a Lower Level of Detail. CPFR. Org http://www. scm. ethz. ch/publications/Practitioner_publications/Niranjan_etal_2011_Are_you_ready_for_VMI. pdf http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1620974;show=abstract http://openarchive. cbs. dk/handle/10398/8229 http://www. supplyon. com/vendor-managed-inventory_at_zf. html http://www. industryweek. com/procurement/vendor-managed-inventory-size-matters How to cite Marketing Ppt, Papers

Collective Memory free essay sample

Not too long ago, pulling down an old landmark to make way for a new highway or other structure usually caused nary a whimper from the public. Such apparent insensitivity to the destruction of part of the citys heritage was widely attributed to a lack of a sense of belonging, or, more bluntly, a refugee mentality. Not anymore. The much publicized protests over the demolition of an old ferry pier seem to have awakened the public sentiment described by sociologists as collective memory. It is a term new to many in the city. All the years I have lived in Hong Kong, I have never heard it mentioned. This new concern must be a good thing because caring about our past is seen as reflecting our heightened sense of belonging. Our love for this city which we call home is embedded in our memories, which can be brought back in a flash by a familiar building, road, teahouse or song. We will write a custom essay sample on Collective Memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The about-to-be demolished ferry pier with a clock tower, built in the 1960s has little to distinguish itself either in design or scale. But it was, for many years, the favorite rendezvous for young men and women. In time, that rather plain and utilitarian structure assumed an aura of romance enshrined in the hearts of countless Hong Kong couples. To be sure, we still have the leisurely ferries, the clattering trolleys and the cable peak trams to arouse our collective memory. But we are beginning to miss those symbols of our past that we have lost and gain a new passion for holding onto the ones that are fast slipping from our grasp. This passion is about preserving a slice of life that is shared and cherished by the people of Hong Kong. It must be distinguished from commercial projects dolling up old buildings as new entertainment centers or tourist attractions. Hong Kong people paid little attention to the demolition of the quaint red brick railway terminal in Tsimshatsui many years ago. Only a lonely clock towel remains to remind us of the romantic days of rail travel. But the public is taking an active role in the ongoing discussions about the use of various old public buildings. They include the former marine police headquarters on a small knoll in Tsimshatsui and the Central Police Station on Hollywood Road in the center of town. This new passion for preservation doesnt mean that Hong Kong people have become particularly sentimental or nostalgic. Collective memory leaped to our consciousness at a time when we are facing unprecedented challenges. In face of mounting competition from mainland cities, the question of relevance becomes ominously pressing. As confidence is waning, Hong Kong people are delving into their past in hope of rekindling the spirit, regenerating the energy and reestablishing the will power which helped them turn formidable challenges into spectacular opportunities. Lessons of these glorious struggles are deeply ingrained not so much in official records or history books as in the collective memory of Hong Kong people. Much of those memories were thrust into the dark recesses of our minds in the go-go years of the 90s, when speculative daring replaced brainpower and hard work as the passport to wealth. The prolonged recession brought about by the Asian financial crisis in late 1997 was taken by many as an excuse for indulging in self-pity, rather than reflecting on past excesses. Now that Hong Kong has emerged from that painful economic down-cycle, we can focus our attention on rediscovering our traditional strengths in our collective memory to utilize the unprecedented opportunities presented to us by the economic development on the mainland. E-mail: [emailprotected] com. cn

Polygamist Marriages Internal Memorandum free essay sample

Ms. Evans moved in with the Conway’s two years ago, in which time Mr. Conway and Ms. Evans began dating even though he has been married to his wife Barb for 10 years, and have five children together. In 2011Mr. Conway decided he wanted to be married to Deborah Evans as well for a second wife, as it is part of their religious beliefs to do and applied for a marriage license in canyon County, Utah. Mr. Conway and Ms. Evans then proceeded to the county clerk’s office and applied for their marriage license where they were denied, and informed at that point that polygamy in the state of Utah is not legal, and since Mr. Conway was already married, they could not get a marriage license. The Conway’s and Ms. Evans at this point sued the state of Utah in trial court for their right to practice polygamy based off of their religious beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Polygamist Marriages Internal Memorandum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trial court ruled against them, and denied the group the marriage license. At this point the Conway’s and Ms. Evans would like to appeal the trial court decision. Issue: This memorandum will discuss statutes, and case law Utah may use in the appeal against our clients claims of constitutional violations, and religious rights to carry out polygamy as a religious right. Discussion: When discussing the issue of polygamy, the one case ruling mostly, and heavily relied on is in Reynolds Conway. This was the first case to weigh in on Utah’s anti-bigamy laws to state that they are constitutional. Further when Chief Justice Waite delivered the opinion of the court in discussion of the opinion further discussed if Mormons or the sects that are part of the religion practicing polygamy should be exempt from the law. The state of Utah may use this in our current case to try and show and or justify why Ms. Evans, Mr. amp; Mrs. Conway should not have the right to be married in a polygamous marriage, or granted a religious exemption. Lastly in Reynolds Chief Justice Waite compared polygamy as â€Å"a criminal act† which is also where the state of Utah will weigh in on this wording as well for the defense. The state of Utah also relies heavily on Utah Const. art. III,  § 1, in Utah’s Constitution stating â€Å"First: Perfect toleration of religious sentiment is guaranteed. No inhabitant of this State shall ever be molested in person or property on account of his or her mode of religious worship; but polygamous or plural marriages are forever prohibited†, and Utah’s anti-polygamy statute, Utah Code Ann. 76-7-101(1)(2)(3) stating â€Å"(1) A person is guilty of bigamy when, knowing he has a husband or wife or knowing the other person has a husband or wife, the person purports to marry another person or cohabits with another person, (2) Bigamy is a felony of the third degree, and (3) It shall be a defense to bigamy that the accused reasonably believed he and the other person were legal ly eligible to remarry† to make their standing that in the state of Utah a polygamous marriage is not valid, or constitutional, and a felony offense of the third degree. There have been several other cases besides Reynolds that have been in objection to polygamy. Potter v. Murray City, 585 F. Supp. 1126 (D. Utah 1984) is an example that the state will use as well. In Potter a Mormon police officer was discovered to be practicing polygamy and was fired. The dissenting judge on this case Judge Christensen claimed he was not weighing heavily on Reynolds to render any decision on this current case stating that he had â€Å"largely ignored† the holding in Reynolds to look at the issue in Potter. Potter at 45. In the end though when giving his decision, he still reverted back to Reynolds stating that it was still good law, and that Utah still held interest in the fact that the prohibition of polygamy should still stand. Reynolds not only is good and strong case law that stands, and is upheld in most if not all polygamy and bigamy cases, not only did it stand and was upheld in State v.

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference Set theory uses a number of different operations to construct new sets from old ones. There are a variety of ways to select certain elements from given sets while excluding others. The result is typically a set that differs from the original ones. It is important to have well-defined ways to construct these new sets, and examples of these include the union, intersection, and difference of two sets. A set operation that is perhaps less well-known is called the symmetric difference. Symmetric Difference Definition To understand the definition of the symmetric difference, we must first understand the word or. Although small, the word or has two different uses in the English language. It can be exclusive or inclusive (and it was just used exclusively in this sentence). If we are told that we may choose from A or B, and the sense is exclusive, then we may only have one of the two options. If the sense is inclusive, then we may have A, we may have B, or we may have both A and B. Typically the context guides us when we run up against the word or and we don’t even need to think about which way it’s being used. If we are asked if we would like cream or sugar in our coffee, it’s clearly implied that we may have both of these. In mathematics, we want to eliminate ambiguity. So the word or in mathematics has an inclusive sense. The word or is thus employed in the inclusive sense in the definition of the union. The union of the sets A and B is the set of elements in either A or B (including those elements that are in both sets). But it becomes worthwhile to have a set operation that constructs the set containing elements in A or B, where or is used in the exclusive sense. This is what we call the symmetric difference. The symmetric difference of the sets A and B are those elements in A or B, but not in both A and B. While notation varies for the symmetric difference, we will write this as A ∆ B For an example of the symmetric difference, we will consider the sets A {1,2,3,4,5} and B {2,4,6}. The symmetric difference between these sets is {1,3,5,6}. In Terms of Other Set Operations Other set operations can be used to define the symmetric difference. From the above definition, it is clear that we may express the symmetric difference of A and B as the difference of the union of A and B and the intersection of A and B. In symbols we write: A ∆ B (A ∠ª B) – (A ∠© B). An equivalent expression, using some different set operations, helps to explain the name symmetric difference. Rather than use the above formulation, we may write the symmetric difference as follows: (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A). Here we see again that the symmetric difference is the set of elements in A but not B, or in B but not A. Thus we have excluded those elements in the intersection of A and B. It is possible to prove mathematically that these two formulas are equivalent and refer to the same set.​ The Name Symmetric Difference The name symmetric difference suggests a connection with the difference of two sets. This set difference is evident in both formulas above. In each of them, a difference of two sets was computed. What sets the symmetric difference apart from the difference is its symmetry. By construction, the roles of A and B can be changed. This is not true for the difference between two sets. To stress this point, with just a little work we will see the symmetry of the symmetric difference since we see A ∆ B (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A) (B – A) ∠ª (A – B ) B ∆ A.

Equality and Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equality and Diversity Management - Essay Example For example, companies which have long remained a part of the old boys club may find it difficult to change overnight to become culturally accepting of not too many boys and having younger employees work in higher positions within the company. Even large multinationals operating in the UK such as DuPont and GE have had cultural problems while creating equality and diversity which goes to so that getting there is not an easy task.In terms of recent developments, diversity and equality are being seen as of the factors that could give a competitive advantage to a company and make it perform better than its rivals. A high level of diversity and equality can help to motivate employees and make them more productive. This idea has been developed to the extent that some organisations are taking diversity levels and the creation of equality as a one of their strategic objectives (CIPD, 2006). In such situations, the HR managers and the policy makers of the organisation are made responsible fo r creating a work environment where diversity is supported and equality is established.Fredmen (2001) says that in this regard, fourth generation equality legislation becomes very important because it improves the participation of affected groups in the decision making process. â€Å"Fourth generation equality laws based on a positive duty to promote equality rather than simply to refrain from discrimination are being actively developed in several jurisdictions. Mainstreaming means that equality is not just an add-on or after-thought to policy.

Legislation, Health and Safety and Regulations Essay

Legislation, Health and Safety and Regulations - Essay Example In every organization, it is important that Health and Risk mitigation procedures follow a recursive procedure as shown in the figure below as this will ensure that necessary actions are taken to prevent and control the occurrence of accidents in the workplace. Figure 1: Health and safety in the workplace Source: http://www.snh.org.uk/uplandpathmanagement/img/imagex11.gif Telecom data centre has had the same H&S procedures for the last 10 years. As the new H&S manager, I intend come up with new procedures that will be beneficial to both the company and the workforce. This report will be passed on to the managing director for consideration. It will consider proposed alteration in two areas; Risk assessment and health and safety policies, which will be both beneficial to the company and the work force. First aid, accidents and ill health risk assessment, in addition to, health and safety policies, are two of the main areas that need to be reviewed, which will be both beneficial to the company and the work force. Policies never been renewed for the last ten years and therefore they have become obsolete. Their renewal will help shed some light to the board of directors on personal protective equipment, staff training and consultation, in terms of health and safety policies for both employees and the company. ... Therefore, the employers should make sure that their products are safe as well as provides information on safety precautions to be adhered to while using the products. However, the employees should take precautions for their safety. Telecom data centre has not renewed its first aid, accidents and ill health risk assessment, and health and safety policies for the last ten years and therefore, as the new manager of the company, I would recommend some of new procedures and indicate why and how the new procedures are more beneficial to the company and the workforce. Risk assessment The UK Health and Safety legislation clearly sets out duties of employers and other members of public as well as employees to themselves and each other. In other words, an employee is required to take precautions in order to reduce or avoid risks in the workplace. All employees should take look at the risks and take sensible measures on them. Risk assessment should therefore, be straightforward in workplace. T he Telecom data centre risk assessment policies are complicated and only deals with serious hazards. Both the employers and employees in the company have a tendency of not recording their significant findings on any risk assessments. Telecom data centre should therefore, assess all the risk in their work place and provide training to their employees. This is because, recently, the company has neglected this issue and no training programs are available for employees to learn about risks as well as prevent themselves. The UK law requires that employers should carry out a risk assessment in order to set up any emergency procedures as well as provide clear training and information to

Caryl Churchills Top Girls English Literature Essay

Caryl Churchills Top Girls English Literature Essay Caryl Churchill has a reputation for producing work that examined contemporary issues, often in challenging and confrontational ways and Top girls is no exception. It can be seen in the light of a feminist play due to the reoccurring question that comes up while reading the play of what it means to be a successful woman. Throughout this essay, I will show what is wrong with being a `top girl ´. At the beginning of the play you are introduced to the main character, Marlene, who is a top girl. A top girl being: a woman who is successful in her career. During the play you become aware that Marlene is at the peak of her career and has come a long way from working class to almost upper middle class but that she has made some sacrifices along the way to attain her position. First, she gave her child to her sister, Joyce (p. 80). Next to that, it appears that she has also sacrificed her personal life. She seems to have no real friends to invite to the dinner party and therefor invites historical women. Marlene also has difficulties to find a man that will accept her as the successful woman that she is and that will not try to change her into a `little woman ´ (p. 83). Although Marlene built herself up in her career and is an educated woman, in a different perspective, she is not a top girl. She was not able to manage everything she had and succeed while dealing with it all; hence leaving her child to her sister. According to Marlene she had to choose between her career and being a mother (p. 80). However, Marlenes sister Joyce has sacrificed her personal life and goals to raise her sisters child. Leaving us to question, what good is it being a top girl if its at the expense of other women? According to a feminist view of equality, drive, ambition and ability, Marlene should have been able to juggle her career and her motherhood. She should have not worried about missing out on opportunities. You can conclude at the end of the play that Marlene is not a feminist at all but that she is very much an individualist: `I believe in the individual ´ (p. 84). She worries about herself and her own needs instead of rising to her own personal responsibilities. She believes that everyone creates their own luck because, as she tells her sister Joyce, `Anyone can do anything if they ´ve got what it takes ´ (p. 86). Marlene is a manager at a top girl company and is holding interviews for people to work at the company. During the interviews you notice how ruthless and cold (p. 46) Marlene is in relation to the working world and to who is or is not qualified enough to get the position. You see her take the role of a very business-like male attitude (p. 31). She interrupts the interviewee during their meeting and is very direct in telling them whether they have potential to join the company or not (p. 30). Moreover, Marlene is very aware of her potential and believes that men and woman should have the same rights/opportunities. She makes this clear when she discusses with Howards wife, the man who lost the management position to her, about how the position was given to the most deserving person (p.p 58-59). Howards wife picks up on her male attitude and accuses Marlene of being masculine and unnatural (p. 59). Her co-workers hold the same view as Marlenes, in relation to rejecting the traditional female aspirations of starting a family, and they would rather focus on their careers like Marlene did (p. 58). One co-worker, Nell, does not want to get married (p. 48) and the other, Win, is having an affair with a married man (p. 45). In Act 2, scene 3 you hear Marlenes co-workers talking about their weekend. Win suggests that Nell could get married and continue working. Nells response is a very unnatural one; `or I could go on working and not marry him ´ (p. 48). She is happy to use men for her own pleasure but not to commit to any. When the play was written, in 1982, this response would have been seen more as a male response than a female due to the fact that this was far more a male attitude to have than a woman. All women in this company hold a very professional tone to themselves but they also all adopt very much a male role in relation to their careers and taking care of business (p. 46). Generally women want to settle and start a family, but because they are such business-like women they do not see the need of this and find themselves already fulfilled with their high ranking, successful jobs. Additionally none of the co-workers, like Marlene, are true top girls. They have adopted male behavior instead of developing their own woman inspired role models. They have not excelled in anything besides their career. What is also fallacious about these `top girls ´ is that they do not see men as equals at all and at times discuss their male clients with the term `pretty ´ (p. 50). This presents us with their very degrading view of how they see men in the business environment; however it also shows that they have enough confidence to address men in these terms. One of the aims of the Womans Liberation movement in the 1970s was to change the terminology used to address women such as, baby, sweetie, girl, bird†¦ Interestingly enough these `top girls ´, in the play, use the same terminology to call each other (p. 48, 64). It seems that to them it is ok to call each other these terms but not to have men call them that; which defeats the purpose of female equality and gives a sense of female superiority. You could also say that these top girls do not consider themselves as women but see themselves as successful `people ´ so they do not fall in the category of women fighting for/supporting that issue. Although all woman in the play, after the first act, that are considered as `top girls ´ are woman who have excelled in their career you could argue that Joyce, Marlenes sister, is somewhat a top girl herself. Despite the fact of not having a successful career she is the only character in the play that tries to manage her responsibilities. She has several different jobs, is raising her sisters child and still holds the responsibility of checking on her mother, like she informs Marlene `somebody has to ´ (p. 79). The first scene in the play shows what true top girls were before the feminist movement. It reveals the obstacles that they had to overcome and the freedom that woman nowadays have and take for granted. The women in the first scene are all women who have suffered in some way and have succeeded in being great without the need of going over other women to get there. They succeeded in the dominate-male world they lived in. This is the opposite of how Marlene has succeeded. Marlene succeeded at the expense of other woman. In Act 1 Marlene raises a toast To our courage and the way we changed our lives and our extraordinary achievements ´ (p. 13). The use of `we ´ and `our ´ are very significant; it shows that Marlene considers herself as a woman who has struggled for her success but that has finally gained personal fulfillment. On the contrary, the other women have been through much more than Marlene ever did. These past woman are the true top girls who have been through it all in order for the next generations of woman to be free and independent. It is striking that the only top girl that was obedient to men, Griselda, is the only one who is happy and pleased in her life. You could say that Griselda shows that virtue is its own reward. Marlene never waited for things and made things happen herself; which leads to an intriguing comparison between these characters. Griselda obeyed and waited and in the end is content and happy, while Marlene created her own success but abandoned other important things in her life to get there and is now unsatisfied. You see Marlenes dissatisfaction throughout the whole play, with her drinking, having abortions, not finding a suitable man and trying to make amends with her sister. In conclusion, the title is called `Top girls ´ with an `S ´. The play explores the different versions of `top girls ´ in different eras. These distinct versions of `top girls ´ demonstrates the diversity of womankind. The play demonstrates that women do not have only one quality or one thing that characterizes them like: career women, wives, mothers, daughters or sisters; they are complex individuals like any human being and have to juggle priorities and responsibilities to achieve what they consider to fulfill themselves. These varieties of qualities that women have and that are able to juggle with in life are what should make them a true top girl. Word count:

A Teenager Today Essay

Advantages you might have with being a teenager is that you get your freedom. When you turn sixteen you get your drivers license which could always mean one thing, MORE FREEDOM! What I like about being a teen is the fact that you start high school and you may be the top dog according to elementary school and middle school kids. When becoming a freshman an already being in high school is that there are many clubs, groups, and sports that the regular and physically fit, student body can be apart of. When in high school you could do dance, cheerleading, baseball, ect., clubs, and maybe even JROTC which involves being physically fit to partake in this course. Also the four academic courses that you get a another chance at becoming a better student in knowledge as well as the fine arts credits that you can choose from in the registration form for high school that you get when becoming a freshman. The disadvantages of becoming a teen is the puberty stage of life. Hitting puberty means your body is changing to make you a better looking and acting teen. the other disadvantages that teens may come in contact with is the wrong group that may lead you into doing things that aren’t right. With being in the wrong group can lead to unwanted casualties that are easier to take on when you are a full adult. Being a teen sometimes leads to peer pressure when you are in a bad situation that can be avoided. Some disadvantages to becoming a teen may be driving without the right precautions in mind. Advice to other teens about becoming a teen are that you find the right group or clique to be with for your teenage years. You need to be careful with what you do because if you have parents that are over protective or just really care about your safety, make sure you don’t do anything that might get you into trouble. You need to make sure that if you are being pressured with anything just walk away or tell an adult about what is going on.Don’t go to parties and drink so much that you end up drinking and driving. If you are driving under the influence make sure that you call your parents to come get you even though you might be scared of the outcome. You also need to keep in mind that you may be pressured into trying things that are illegal, so make sure that you also say no to drugs. Things you should say no to drugs, drinking, drinking and driving, sex, pregnancy, and any other unwanted casualties that teens are not ready to handle, even though you think you might be able to , say no!’

An Operational Analysis of Subway Restaurants

Completed By: Olga Gomez, Nancy Guadron, Paula Clark, and Tyann Peres Completed By: Olga Gomez, Nancy Guadron, Paula Clark, and Tyann Peres An Operational Analysis of Subway Restaurants University of Houston-Downtown MGT 3332 Summer 1 Dr. Steven Coy An Operational Analysis of Subway Restaurants University of Houston-Downtown MGT 3332 Summer 1 Dr. Steven CoyTeam Aces came to an agreement and decided to conduct an operational analysis of various Subway Restaurants throughout the Houston and Katy area. Each team member was charged with the task of visiting a Subway location near their residence. This way each member was given the opportunity to observe the concrete steps required for Subway to complete a service from beginning to end. When you hear the words â€Å"fast food,† you imagine being offered a service in which you are quickly in and out with your order, and nothing else to it.In this instance that is not the case; Subway did not become one of the largest sandwich chains overnight. It has taken years of productiveness from the owners, top managers, employees and each customer of Subway. Throughout this paper we will analyze Subway’s operations by identifying the type of process used and the basic layout of their facilities. We will also provide a detailed service blueprint that will help to get a better understanding of the service process from the beginning, when the customer places an order, to the end, when that paying customer walks out the door with their subway sandwich.After visiting our Subway locations, we will also be able to explain the strengths and weaknesses that we observed from the interaction between employees and customers and the overall Subway experience. One of the locations visited and observed during hours of operations was the Subway restaurant located at 19214 Clay Road, Suite A, Katy TX 77449. This restaurant has been serving the Katy community for approximately ten years. This particular location was observed in or der to help create the service blueprint.The service blueprint lists all of the service functions that are performed and the average time expected to achieve the completion of each function. It begins with the customer’s action; the customer walks into the store and places an order, the employee then acknowledges the customer’s request. This is followed by the customer deciding on the size and type of sandwich they would like made. The Subway employee then begins to prepare the customer’s sandwich with their size and type specifications in mind.At this point, the employee asks the customer to decide on their type of meat and cheese, once the customer communicates this decision, the employee adds the requested meat and cheese. He/she gives the customer the choice of having their sandwich toasted or not. If the customer decides to toast the sandwich the employee then proceeds to put it in the toaster for a minute then moves on to adding the dressings and sauces. I f the customer does not want their sandwich toasted, the employee continues along with the process.The interaction continues with the choosing of any vegetables and final touches which may include adding oil and vinegar or salt and pepper at the customer’s request. Finally, as we approach the end of the service process, the employees wraps the sandwich and offers the customer the option of adding a cookie or the option of making their sandwich purchase as a meal, which would then include chips or a drink for a set additional price. Once the customer has chosen, the employee then collects payment to complete the transaction, and hands the order over to the customer, thus concluding the service process.This entire process happens in between the line of interaction. A line of visibility does exist in all Subway locations, on one side you have the components that are visible to the customer, which include the bread baking and all of the products and produce used to make a Subway sandwich. On the other side of the line of visibility, you have those items not visible to the customers’ eyes, which include the preparation of the bread before baking it, the extra vegetables, meat, and cheeses to be cut and prepped, the chips and drinks used to stock the storefront, as well as the storage of all the other products necessary to perations such as paper products, bags and any office supplies. All of this is required in order to ensure the success of the service process. Even though the customer does not realize what exactly occurs behind the line of visibility, it does not mean they don’t care. Every paying customer hopes and expects that their food is being handled and prepared in the safest and best way possible. This means that employees must be equipped to complete all tasks required in the minimal time possible, while maintaining the utmost standards of sanitary handling and preparation.Please refer to blue print 1 for a visual representation of h ow the actual process explained above works. After getting a closer look at how the service process works by completing the blue print you can see that the employees work diligently to complete the process in less than five minutes. From this you can learn that during peak hours which include lunch and dinner rush, employees work faster than normal to meet the 5 minute process standard. This way may cause a customer to feel rushed.For instance if the employee sees that the customer line has exceeded more than five it begins to rush the process; this causes the customer to make abrupt decisions on what they want in their sandwich. At the same time this can easily cause the employees to make mistakes during the process. For instance they can accidently add the wrong vegetables or sauces simple because they are trying to rush through the process in order to get the customer in and out. This urgency of completing the process faster than usual can turn a customer away.Many paying custome rs like to have the undivided attention of the employees since they do feel like they should get their money’s worth through the service. To help both the employees and customers during this circumstances the manager should ensure the employees that yes you might have to pick up the speed to meet the lunch rush demand; but they will have to be courteous without making the customer feel rushed. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Subway location 19214 Clay Road, Suite A, Katy TX 77449

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